CAM systems are used for simulation and optimization of manufacturing, and NC code is created and loaded to NC machines. The past of CAD has been full of unmet expectations; this continues. Some anticipate 3D modeling without flat screens or mouse pointers -- a fully immersive 3D environment where modelling tools include special gloves and goggles. In the future, designing will be closer to sculpting than painting. Up to now, 3D goggles cause nausea, immersive technologies are expensive and complex, and most designers prefer using a keyboard, stylus, and mouse.
While some of these optimistic predictions may come true, the more likely course is that the future changes will evolve in ways we do not see now.
Still, some trends seem more likely to succeed and be widely adopted than others. Increasingly 3D models are defined with physical properties, especially material and optical. Gap between 3D model and real objects will further narrow, 3D models will look realistically and what is even more important, they will behave as in reality. Virtual prototypes are reality in high tech environments, today. In future this principle will spread even to low end 3D applications, and will become more precise on high end ones.
In some cases prototyping and tests will be skipped altogether. CAD systems will continue in the trend of specialization.
Chryssolouris G Manufacturing systems: theory and practice, 2nd edn. Springer, New York Google Scholar. Cimatron E. Groover MP Automation production systems and computer-aided manufacturing, 1st edn. ISO standard Industrial automation systems and integration — product data representation and exchange, part 1: overview and fundamental principles. Beuth, Berlin Google Scholar. ISO standard Industrial automation systems and integration — product data representation and exchange, part application protocol: application interpreted model for computerized numerical controllers.
ISO Industrial automation systems and integration — physical device control; data model for computerized numerical controllers, part 1: overview and fundamental principles. ISO standard Numerical control of machines-program format and definition of address words, Part 1: data format for positioning, line motion and contouring control systems.
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