A colon cancer diagnosis can be terrifying. Determining the best course of action is affected by your general health, whether or not the cancer is a recurrence of a cancer that was treated in the past, and on the stage of the cancer. Cancer staging takes place after the initial diagnosis and may involve a number of tests.
Each test will help your physician to determine how much of your body the cancer has affected. After determining the stage, your physician will recommend a course of treatment. When abnormal cells are found in the wall, or mucosa, of the colon, it is considered stage 0 colon cancer. This is also called carcinoma in situ. Treatment: A polypectomy is performed during a colonoscopy and may remove all of the malignant cells. If the cells have affected a larger area, an excision may be performed.
An excision is simply a minor, minimally invasive surgery that can often be performed during the colonoscopy. Cancer which has invaded the mucosa and the submucosa is considered stage I colon cancer. Or the cancer has grown through the first two layers of the colon or rectum wall and may have reached the muscle layer.
Cancer is found in seven or more nearby lymph nodes. Stage 3C: The cancer has grown past the colon or rectum wall and has spread to the tissue that lines the abdominal organs, but it has not spread to nearby organs.
Cancer is found in four to six nearby lymph nodes. Or the cancer has grown past the colon or rectum wall or has spread through the tissue that lines the abdominal organs. Or the cancer has spread past the wall of the colon or rectum and has grown into nearby organs or tissues. Cancer is found in at least one nearby lymph node, or cancer cells are found near the lymph nodes.
Stage 4C: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and may have reached other areas or organs. Donate to Gateway for Cancer Research Make a difference in the fight against cancer by donating to cancer research.
It's also divided into different types depending on the type of cell that your cancer started in. Tumour, node and metastasis TNM staging is one of the systems used to stage bowel colon and rectal cancer. There are different ways to stage bowel cancer. The number staging system has 5 different stages of bowel cancer - stage 0 to stage 4. The most common system to stage bowel cancer is TNM staging. Read our information about coronavirus and cancer.
Surgical resection of the colon, chemotherapy, and other medical therapies may be necessary. In this stage, the cancer had spread to other organs in the body such as the lungs, ovaries, or liver.
In addition to a surgical resection and chemotherapy, radiation treatment and surgery to remove other affected parts of the body may be necessary.
Cancer that comes back again after treatment, either in the colon or in some other part of the body, is called recurrent. Even after successful treatment of colon cancer, regular check-ups are necessary to catch any recurrent cancer early. Contrary to popular belief, most colon cancer patients do not need a permanent colostomy.
In the early stages, colon cancer is one of the most curable cancers. In the later stages, it is the second most deadly. Colon cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in America lung cancer is the first. The SEER database, which is maintained by the National Cancer Institute, tracks five-year relative survival rates for colon and rectal cancer in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread.
The SEER database groups cancers into localized, regional, and distant stages:. The following numbers are based on people diagnosed with cancers of the colon between and , divided by SEER database groups:. Please talk to your healthcare provider about your risk factors for colon cancer , and get screened when appropriate. People with IBD are at increased risk, but getting regular care for the IBD from a gastroenterologist and keeping colonoscopy appointments will go a long way towards removing any polyps and keeping an eye on what is going on in the colon.
Everyone over the age of 45 should be screened for colorectal cancer. Limiting processed foods and red meats can help ward off cancer risk. These recipes focus on antioxidant-rich foods to better protect you and your loved ones. Sign up and get your guide! American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer stages. Last reviewed June 29, Treatment of colon cancer, by stage. Cleveland Clinic. Colorectal colon cancer: Management and treatment.
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